On November 6, 2018, nearly 65 percent of Florida voters approved Amendment 4, a constitutional amendment that automatically restored voting rights to as many as 1.4 million Floridians, except those convicted of murder or a felony sexual offense, who had completed the terms of their sentence including parole or probation. Amendment 4 went into effect on January 8, 2019.
Eight months later, on August 9, 2019, Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis asked the Florida Supreme Court to issue an advisory opinion as to “whether ‘completion of all terms of sentence’” under Amendment 4 “includes the satisfaction of all legal financial obligations—namely fees, fines and restitution ordered by the court as part of a felony sentence that would otherwise render a convicted felon ineligible to vote.”
Essentially, Gov. DeSantis sought an advisory opinion about the propriety of SB7066, a bill he signed into law on June 28, 2019, under the Florida Constitution. SB7066 prohibits people with felony convictions from registering to vote unless they pay off all legal financial obligations (“LFOs”) imposed by a court pursuant to a felony conviction, including those LFOs converted to civil obligations, even if they cannot afford to pay.
Through his request, DeSantis initiated a parallel proceeding to Gruver v. Barton, a lawsuit filed by the Brennan Center, the ACLU, the ACLU of Florida, and the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund challenging SB7066 under the U.S. Constitution. In that case, Plaintiffs’ expert, Dan Smith, has estimated that as many as 740,000 of those re-enfranchised by Amendment 4 could be disenfranchised once again by SB7066. For more information on the lawsuit, click here.
On August 29, 2019, the Florida Supreme Court agreed to issue an advisory opinion and scheduled oral argument for November 6, 2019.
On September 18, 2019, the Brennan Center, the ACLU, the ACLU of Florida, the NAACP Legal Defense Fund, the Florida NAACP, Orange County Branch of the NAACP, and the League of Women Voters of Florida filed a brief as interested parties. The Center’s brief argues: (1) the Florida Supreme Court should decline the Governor’s request for an advisory opinion because it is improper; and (2) if the Florida Supreme Court decides to issue an advisory opinion, a plain reading of Amendment 4 demonstrates that “completion of all terms of sentence” cannot mandate inclusion of legal financial obligations that extend beyond the terms of imprisonment, parole, or probation.
On November 6, 2019, the Florida Supreme Court heard oral arguments from attorneys representing Florida lawmakers and advocates.
On January 16, 2020, the Florida Supreme Court issued its advisory opinion, which concluded that “all terms of sentence” includes LFOs imposed in conjunction with a felony conviction.
The state court’s ruling does not change the Brennan Center’s position in ongoing federal litigation challenging SB7066 under the U.S. Constitution. The state court did not interpret the U.S. Constitution or federal law. It answers a narrow question of state law and does not alter the Florida legislature’s obligations to abide by the U.S. Constitution.
Documents
- Request for Advisory Opinion (August 9, 2019)
- Order Granting Request for Advisory Opinion (August 29, 2019)
- Brief of Interested Parties the Brennan Center, ACLU of Florida, the ACLU of Florida, the NAACP Legal Defense Fund, the Florida NAACP, Orange County Branch of the NAACP, and the League of Women Voters of Florida (September 18, 2019)
- Brief of Mark R. Schlakman, a Florida Lawyer as an Interested Florida Resident, Joined by the Florida Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers (FACDL) (September 18, 2019)
- Brief of Interested Party Fair Elections Center (September 18, 2019)
- Initial Brief of the Florida House of Representatives (September 18, 2019)
- Brief of Interested Party Adam Richardson (September 18, 2019)
- Brief of the Florida Senate and Bill Galvano, in his official capacity as President of the Florida Senate (September 18, 2019)
- Brief of Interested Parties Jennifer LaVia and Carla Laroche (September 18, 2019)
- Brief of Interested Parties Bonnie Raysor, Diane Sherrill, and Lee Hoffman (September 18, 2019)
- Initial Brief of Governor Ron DeSantis (September 18, 2019)
- Initial Brief of Secretary of State, Laurel M. Lee (September 18, 2019)
- Reply Brief of Interested Parties the Brennan Center, ACLU of Florida, the ACLU of Florida, the NAACP Legal Defense Fund, the Florida NAACP, Orange County Branch of the NAACP, and the League of Women Voters of Florida (October 5, 2019)
- Reply Brief of Governor Ron DeSantis (October 3, 2019)
- Reply Brief of Interested Parties Bonnie Raysor, Diane Sherrill, and Lee Hoffman (October 3, 2019)
- Reply Brief of Secretary of State, Laurel M. Lee (October 3, 2019)
- Reply Brief of Interested Party Adam Richardson (October 3, 2019)
- Reply Brief of Interested Party Fair Elections Center (October 3, 2019)
- Florida Supreme Court Advisory Opinion (January 16, 2020)